There are
100,091 signatories from at least 187 countries as of June 7, 2019.
To the UN,
WHO, EU, Council of Europe
and governments of all nations
We the undersigned scientists, doctors, environmental
organizations and citizens from (__) countries, urgently call for a halt to the
deployment of the 5G (fifth generation) wireless network, including 5G from
space satellites. 5G will massively increase exposure to radio frequency (RF)
radiation on top of the 2G, 3G and 4G networks for telecommunications already
in place. RF radiation has been proven harmful for humans and the environment.
The deployment of 5G constitutes an experiment on humanity and the environment that
is defined as a crime under international law.
Executive
summary
Telecommunications companies worldwide, with the support of
governments, are poised within the next two years to roll out the
fifth-generation wireless network (5G). This is set to deliver what is
acknowledged to be unprecedented societal change on a global scale. We will
have “smart” homes, “smart” businesses, “smart” highways, “smart” cities and
self-driving cars. Virtually everything we own and buy, from refrigerators and
washing machines to milk cartons, hairbrushes and infants’ diapers, will
contain antennas and microchips and will be connected wirelessly to the
Internet. Every person on Earth will have instant access to super-high-speed,
low- latency wireless communications from any point on the planet, even in
rainforests, mid-ocean and the Antarctic.
What is not widely acknowledged is that this will also
result in unprecedented environmental change on a global scale. The planned
density of radio frequency transmitters is impossible to envisage. In addition
to millions of new 5G base stations on Earth and 20,000 new satellites in
space, 200 billion transmitting objects, according to estimates, will be part
of the Internet of Things by 2020, and one trillion objects a few years later. Commercial
5G at lower frequencies and slower speeds was deployed in Qatar, Finland and
Estonia in mid-2018. The rollout of 5G at extremely high (millimetre wave)
frequencies is planned to begin at the end of 2018.
Despite widespread denial, the evidence that radio frequency
(RF) radiation is harmful to life is already overwhelming. The accumulated
clinical evidence of sick and injured human beings, experimental evidence of
damage to DNA, cells and organ systems in a wide variety of plants and animals,
and epidemiological evidence that the major diseases of modern
civilization—cancer, heart disease and diabetes—are in large part caused by
electromagnetic pollution, forms a literature base of well over 10,000
peer-reviewed studies.
If the telecommunications industry’s plans for 5G come to
fruition, no person, no animal, no bird, no insect and no plant on Earth
will be able to avoid exposure, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, to levels of
RF radiation that are tens to hundreds of times greater than what exists today,
without any possibility of escape anywhere on the planet. These 5G plans
threaten to provoke serious, irreversible effects on humans and permanent
damage to all of the Earth’s ecosystems.
Immediate measures must be taken to protect humanity and the
environment, in accordance with ethical imperatives and international
agreements.
5G will
result in a massive increase in inescapable, involuntary exposure to wireless
radiation
Ground-based 5G
In order to transmit the enormous amounts of data required
for the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G technology, when fully deployed, will use
millimetre waves, which are poorly transmitted through solid material. This
will require every carrier to install base stations every 100 metres[1] in every
urban area in the world. Unlike previous generations of wireless technology, in
which a single antenna broadcasts over a wide area, 5G base stations and 5G
devices will have multiple antennas arranged in “phased arrays” [2],[3] that work
together to emit focused, steerable, laser-like beams that track each other.
Each 5G phone will contain dozens of tiny antennas, all
working together to track and aim a narrowly focused beam at the nearest cell
tower. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has
adopted rules [4]
permitting the effective power of those beams to be as much as 20 watts, ten
times more powerful than the levels permitted for current phones.
Each 5G base station will contain hundreds or thousands of
antennas aiming multiple laser-like beams simultaneously at all cell phones and
user devices in its service area. This technology is called “multiple input
multiple output” or MIMO. FCC rules permit the effective radiated power of a 5G
base station’s beams to be as much as 30,000 watts per 100 MHz of
spectrum,[2]
or equivalently 300,000 watts per GHz of spectrum, tens to hundreds of times more
powerful than the levels
permitted for current base stations.
Space-based 5G
At least five companies[5] are
proposing to provide 5G from space from a combined 20,000 satellites in low- and
medium-Earth orbit that will blanket the Earth with powerful, focused,
steerable beams. Each satellite will emit millimetre waves with an effective
radiated power of up to 5 million watts[6] from
thousands of antennas arranged in a phased array. Although the energy reaching
the ground from satellites will be less than that from ground-based antennas,
it will irradiate areas of the Earth not reached by other transmitters and will
be additional to ground-based 5G transmissions from billions of IoT objects.
Even more importantly, the satellites will be located in the Earth’s
magnetosphere, which exerts a significant influence over the electrical
properties of the atmosphere. The alteration of the Earth’s electromagnetic
environment may be an even greater threat to life than the radiation from
ground-based antennas (see below).
Harmful
effects of radio frequency radiation are already proven
In 2015, 215 scientists
from 41 countries communicated their alarm to the United Nations (UN) and
World Health Organization (WHO).[9] They stated
that “numerous recent scientific publications have shown that EMF
[electromagnetic fields] affects living organisms at levels well below most
international and national guidelines”. More than 10,000 peer-reviewed
scientific studies demonstrate harm to human health from RF radiation.[10] [11] Effects
include:
Damage goes well beyond the human race, as there is abundant
evidence of harm to diverse plant- and wildlife[32][33] and
laboratory animals, including:
The WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
concluded in 2011 that RF radiation of frequencies 30 kHz - 300 GHz are
possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).[49] However,
recent evidence, including the latest studies on cell phone use and brain
cancer risks, indicate that RF
radiation is proven carcinogenic to humans[50] and should
now be classified as a “Group 1 carcinogen” along with tobacco smoke and
asbestos.
Most contemporary wireless signals are pulse-modulated. Harm
is caused by both the high-frequency carrier wave and the low-frequency
pulsations.[51]
The deployment of 5G
satellites must be prohibited
The Earth, the ionosphere and the lower atmosphere form the
global electric circuit[52] in which
we live. It is well established that biological rhythms—of humans,[53][54] birds,[55] hamsters,[56] and
spiders[57][58]—are controlled
by the Earth’s natural electromagnetic environment and that the well-being of
all organisms depends on the stability of this environment, including the electrical properties of the atmosphere.[59][60][61][62] Cherry, in a groundbreaking paper, [63] explained
the importance of the Schumann resonances[64] and why
ionospheric disturbances can alter blood pressure and melatonin and cause
“cancer, reproductive, cardiac and neurological disease and death”.
These elements of our electromagnetic environment have
already been altered by radiation from power lines. Power line harmonic radiation[65] reaches
the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere, where it is amplified by wave-particle interactions.[66][67] In 1985,
Dr. Robert O. Becker warned that power line harmonic radiation had already
changed the structure of the magnetosphere, and that the continued expansion of
this effect “threatens the viability of all life on Earth”.[68] The
placement of tens of thousands of satellites directly in both the ionosphere
and magnetosphere, emitting modulated signals at millions of watts and millions
of frequencies, is likely to alter our electromagnetic environment beyond our
ability to adapt.[69]
Informal
monitoring has already provided evidence indicating serious effects on
humans and animals from the approximately 100 satellites that have provided 2G
and 3G phone service from low orbit since 1998. Such effects cannot be
understood only from consideration of the low levels of radiation on the
ground. Knowledge from other relevant scientific disciplines must be taken into
account, including the fields of atmospheric physics and acupuncture.[70][71][72][73] Adding
20,000 5G satellites will further pollute the global electric circuit[74][75] and could
alter the Schumann resonances,[76] with
which all life on Earth has evolved. The effects will be universal and may be
profoundly damaging.
5G is qualitatively and
quantitatively different from 4G
The idea that we will tolerate tens to
hundreds of times more radiation at millimetre wavelengths is based on
faulty modelling of the human body as a shell filled
with a homogeneous liquid.[77][78] The
assumption that millimetre waves do not penetrate beyond the skin completely
ignores nerves,[79]
blood vessels[80][81] and other
electrically conducting structures that can carry radiation-induced currents
deep into the body.[82][83][84] Another,
potentially more serious error is that phased arrays are not ordinary antennas.
When an ordinary electromagnetic field enters the body, it causes charges to
move and currents to flow. But when extremely short electromagnetic pulses
enter the body, something else happens: the moving charges themselves become
little antennas that reradiate the electromagnetic field and send it deeper
into the body. These reradiated waves are called Brillouin
precursors.[85]
They become significant when either the power or the phase of the waves changes
rapidly enough.[86]
5G will probably satisfy both criteria.
In addition, shallow penetration in itself poses a unique
danger to eyes and to the largest organ of the body, the skin, as well as to
very small creatures. Peer-reviewed studies have recently been published,
predicting thermal
skin burns[87]
in humans from 5G radiation and resonant
absorption by insects,[88] which absorb
up to 100 times as much radiation at millimetre wavelengths as they do at
wavelengths presently in use. Since populations of flying insects have declined by 75-80 per cent since 1989
even in protected nature areas,[89] 5G radiation
could have catastrophic effects on insect populations worldwide. A 1986 study by Om Gandhi warned that millimetre waves are
strongly absorbed by the cornea of the eye, and that ordinary clothing, being
of millimetre-size thickness, increases the absorption of energy by the skin by
a resonance-type effect.[90] Russell (2018) reviews the known effects of millimetre
waves on skin, eyes (including cataracts), heart rate, immune system and DNA.[91]
Regulators have deliberately
excluded the scientific evidence of harm
Stakeholders thus far in the development of 5G have been
industry and governments, while renowned international EMF scientists who have
documented biological effects on humans, animals, insects and plants, and
alarming effects on health and the environment in thousands of peer-reviewed
studies have been excluded. The reason for the current inadequate safety
guidelines is that conflicts of interest of standard-setting bodies “due to
their relationships with telecommunications or electric companies undermine the
impartiality that should govern the regulation of Public Exposure Standards for
non-ionizing radiation”. [92] Professor
Emeritus Martin L. Pall lays out the conflicts of interest in detail, and the
lists of important studies that have been excluded, in his literature review. [93]
The thermal hypothesis is
obsolete—new safety standards are needed
To protect against non-thermal effects, duration of exposure
must be considered. 5G will expose everyone to many more transmissions
simultaneously and continuously, day and night without cessation. New safety
standards are needed and should be based on cumulative exposure and not
only on power levels but also on frequency, bandwidth, modulation,
waveform, pulse width and other properties that are biologically important.
Antennas must be confined to specific, publicly identified locations. To
protect humans, antennas must be located far from where people live and work,
and excluded from the public rights-of-way where people walk. To protect
wildlife, they must be excluded from wilderness sanctuaries and strictly
minimized in remote areas of the Earth. To protect all life, commercial
communications satellites must be limited in number and prohibited in low- and
medium-Earth orbits. Phased arrays must be prohibited on Earth and in space.
RF radiation has both acute
and chronic effects
RF radiation has both immediate and long-term effects.
Cancer and heart disease are examples of long-term effects. Alteration of heart rhythm[100] and changes in
brain function (EEG)[101] are
examples of immediate effects. A syndrome that was called radiowave sickness[102] in the
former Soviet Union and is called electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) around the world
today[103]
can be either acute or chronic. Professor Dr. Karl Hecht has published a detailed history of these syndromes, compiled from a review
of more than 1,500 Russian scientific papers and the clinical histories of more
than 1,000 of his own patients in Germany. Objective findings include sleep
disorders, abnormal blood pressure and heart rate, digestive disorders, hair
loss, tinnitus and skin rash. Subjective symptoms include dizziness, nausea,
headache, memory loss, inability to concentrate, fatigue, flu-like symptoms and
cardiac pain. [104]
The EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 states that EHS develops when
people are “continuously exposed in their daily life” to increasing levels of
EMFs, and that “reduction and prevention of EMF exposure” is necessary to
restore these patients to health.[105] EHS
should no longer be considered a disease, but an injury by a toxic environment
that affects an increasingly large portion of the population, estimated already
at 100 million people worldwide,[106][107] and that
may soon affect everyone[108] if the
worldwide rollout of 5G is permitted.
World
governments are failing in their duty of care to the populations they govern
In their haste to implement 5G and to encourage the
unconstrained use of outer space, the European Union, United States and
national governments worldwide are taking steps to ensure a “barrier-free”
regulatory environment.[110] They are
prohibiting local authorities from enforcing environmental laws,[111] and “in
the interest of speedy and cost-effective deployment”, removing “unnecessary
burdens… such as local planning procedures [and] the variety of specific limits
on electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions and of the methods required to
aggregate them”.[112]
Governments are also enacting laws to make wireless facilities a permitted use
in all public rights-of-way.[113] To date,
most wireless facilities have been located on private property at some distance
from homes and businesses. In order for them to be spaced less than 100 metres
apart as required by 5G, however, they will now be located on the sidewalk
directly in front of homes and businesses and close above the heads of
pedestrians, including mothers with babies.
Public notice requirements and public hearings are being
eliminated. Even if there were a hearing and 100 scientific experts were to
testify against 5G, laws have been passed making it illegal for local
authorities to take their testimony into consideration. US law, for example,
prohibits local governments from regulating wireless technology “on the basis
of the environmental effects of radio frequency radiation”,[114] and
courts have reversed regulatory decisions about cell tower placement simply
because most of the public testimony was about health.[115] Insurers
will not provide coverage against EMF risks,[116] and
there is zero clarity as to what entity will bear legal responsibility for
damage to life, limb and property arising from exposure to 5G, whether ground-
or space-based.[117]
In the absence of an agreed comprehensive legal regime
governing activities in outer space, legal liability for those activities is
non-existent, despite the prospect of whole continents, the atmosphere and the
oceans being put at risk by them.
International
agreements are being violated
Children and duty of care
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: States shall “undertake
to ensure the child such protection and care as is necessary for his or her
well-being” (art. 3), “ensure… the survival and development of the child”
(art. 6) and “take appropriate measures to combat disease… taking
into consideration the dangers and risks of environmental pollution” (art.
24(c)).
The
Nuremberg Code (1947) applies
to all experiments on humans, thus including the deployment of 5G with new,
higher RF radiation exposure that has not been pre-market tested for
safety. “The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely
essential” (art. 1). Exposure to 5G will be involuntary. “No experiment should
be conducted, where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or
disabling injury will occur” (art. 5). The findings of over 10,000
scientific studies and the voices of hundreds of international organizations representing
hundreds of thousands of members who have suffered disabling injury and been
displaced from their homes by already-existing wireless telecommunications
facilities, are “a priori reasons to believe that death or disabling injury
will occur”.
Duty to inform and EMFs
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (2012) of
the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) stated that “[t]here is a need
to inform the public of the potential effects of exposure to electromagnetic
fields (EMFs)” and invited Member States “to adopt suitable measures in order
to ensure compliance with relevant international recommendations to protect
health against the adverse effect of EMF”.
The Mid-term review of the European Environment and Health
Action Plan 2004-2010 (2008): “The European Parliament… [n]otes that the
limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields which have been set for the
general public are obsolete, … obviously take no account of developments in
information and communication technologies, of the recommendations issued by
the European Environment Agency or of the stricter emission standards adopted,
for example, by Belgium, Italy and Austria, and do not address the issue of
vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, newborn babies and children.”
Resolution 1815 (Council of Europe, 2011): “Take all
reasonable measures to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields, especially to
radio frequencies from mobile phones, and particularly the exposure to children
and young people.”
Environment
The World
Charter for Nature (1982): “Activities which are likely to cause
irreversible damage to nature shall be avoided… [W]here potential adverse
effects are not fully understood, the activities should not proceed” (art. 11).
The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992):
“States have… the responsibility to ensure that activities within their
jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States
or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction” (principle 2).
The United Nations World Summit
on Sustainable Development (2002): “There is an urgent need to… create
more effective national and regional policy responses to environmental threats
to human health” (para. 54(k)).
Health and human rights
Space
The Outer Space Treaty (1967) requires that the use of outer
space be conducted “so as to avoid [its] harmful contamination and also adverse
changes in the environment of the Earth”(art. IX)
World governments are playing
dice with life on Earth
Albert Einstein famously asserted that “God does not play
dice”.[118]
Yet by pursuing the broadcast on Earth and from space of 5G, an unprecedented
technology of millimetre waves previously used as an energy weapon in military operations and crowd control,[119] world
governments are recklessly playing dice with the future of life on Earth.
To refuse to accept and apply relevant and valid scientific
knowledge is ethically unacceptable. Existing research shows that 5G—and
especially space-based 5G—contravenes principles enshrined in a host of
international agreements.
We
call upon the UN, WHO, EU, Council of Europe and governments of all nations,
(a) To take immediate measures to halt the deployment
of 5G on Earth and in space in order to protect all humankind, especially the
unborn, infants, children, adolescents and pregnant women, as well as the
environment;
(c) To favour and implement wired telecommunications
instead of wireless;
(e) To appoint immediately—without industry
influence—international groups of independent, truly impartial EMF and health
scientists with no conflicts of interest, [120] for the
purpose of establishing new international safety standards for RF radiation
that are not based only on power levels, that consider cumulative exposure, and
that protect against all health and environmental effects, not just
thermal effects and not just effects on humans;
(f) To appoint immediately—without industry
influence—international groups of scientists with expertise in EMFs, health,
biology and atmospheric physics, for the purpose of developing a comprehensive
regulatory framework that will ensure that the uses of outer space are safe for
humans and the environment, taking into account RF radiation, rocket exhaust
gases, black soot, and space debris and their impacts on ozone, [121] global warming, [122] the
atmosphere and the preservation of life on Earth. Not only ground-based but
also space-based technology must be sustainable [123] for
adults and children, animals and plants.
Please
respond to the Appeal Administrator listed below,
detailing the measures you intend to take to protect the
global population against RF radiation exposure, especially 5G radiation. This
appeal and your response will be publicly available on www.5gSpaceAppeal.org.
Respectfully submitted,
Initial
signatories
AFRICA
Lauraine Margaret Helen Vivian, PhD,
Anthropology and Psychiatry; Honorary Research Associate, Faculty of Health and
Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Signatory for South
Africa
ASIA
Girish Kumar, PhD, Professor, Electrical
Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
AUSTRALIA
Don Maisch, PhD, Independent researcher, author
of ”The Procrustean Approach”, Lindisfarne, Tasmania, Australia
EUROPE
Alfonso Balmori, BSc, Master in Environmental
Education, Biologist. Valladolid, Spain
Klaus Buchner, Dr. rer. nat., Professor, MEP –
Member of the European Parliament, Kompetenzinitiative zum Schutz von Mensch,
Umwelt und Demokratie e.V., München, Germany
Daniel Favre, Dr. phil. nat., Biologist, A.R.A.
(Association Romande Alerte aux Ondes Electromagnétiques), Switzerland
Annie Sasco, MD, DrPH, SM, HDR, former Chief of
Research Unit of Epidemiology for Cancer Prevention at the International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon; former Acting Chief, Programme for Cancer
Control of the World Health Organization (WHO); former Director of Research at
the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM); France
NORTH AMERICA
Martin Pall, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry
and Basic Medical Sciences, Washington State University, residing in Portland,
Oregon, USA
Kate Showers, PhD, Soil Science, Senior Research
Fellow, Centre for World Environmental History, University of Sussex, Falmer,
Brighton, UK, residing in Bolton-Est, Québec, Canada
SOUTH AMERICA
Carlos Sosa, MD, University of Antioquia,
Medellín, Colombia
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